Ok, thank you lidya. Good morning everybody, in this special morning, I
want to present about a material that I have been making last week. It is about
how to make a good paragraph. I choose this term, because in this semester, we
have academic writing and the lecturer usually order us to make essay that
contains a lot of paragraph. Perhaps, it makes some of you little bit confuse,
so that I want to share some tips to make you easier to make paragraphs.
First of all, let me explain about a paragraph to you all. what is
paragraph? Paragraph is a group of sentences that from a unit. It is a group of
related sentences which expresss an idea. It may express an opinion, provide
information through the use of facts and details, tells a story or describe a
person, place and etc.
Next, we are going to the structure of paragraph. In a paragraph we must
use that structure to make our
a. Topic sentence
b. Body or supporting
sentences
c. Concluding sentence
·
Topic sentence
It is the most importance in the paragraph, because it tells the reader the
main idea of the paragraph. The topic sentence should contain only one main
idea. It should be clear, specific, detail and well focused. Every topic
sentence will have topic and controlling idea. The controlling idea shows the
direction of ideas in the paragraph.
·
Supporting sentences
Supporting
sentences are the facts and ideas that explain or prove the topic sentence or
the main idea. It presents some sentences which details, fact, examples, quotes
and arguments.
·
Concluding sentence
It signals the end of a paragraph, it is the last sentence of the paragraph
which summarize what has already been said & leaves the reader with the
most important ideas to remember.
Here, examples of words that usually use as a concluding sentence.
Oke, we come to the main point of this presentation. Here in the screen you
can see, some steps to make a good paragraph. There are three steps.
1.
Planning Your Paragraph
a. Decide what the main topic of the
paragraph is going to be. Before you begin writing your paragraph, you must
have a clear idea of what the paragraph is going to be about. This is because a
paragraph is essentially a collection of sentences that
all relate to one central topic. Without a definite idea of what the main topic
is, your paragraph will lack focus and unity. In order to pin down the exact
topic of your paragraph, you should ask yourself a number of questions:
What
are the main ideas or issues that I need to address? Think about the topic you
are being asked or have decided to write about and consider what the most
relevant ideas or issues relating to that topic are. As paragraphs are usually
relatively short, it is important that you try to hit on all of the main ideas,
without going off topic.
Who
am I writing for? Think about who the intended readership of this paragraph or
paper is going to be. What is their prior knowledge? Are they familiar with the
topic at hand, or will it require a number of explanatory sentences?
b. Write down information and ideas
relating to that topic. Once you have a clearer idea of what you want to
address in your paragraph, you can start organizing your thoughts by writing
down your ideas on a notepad or word document. There's no need to write out
full sentences just yet, just jot down some key words and phrases. Once you see
everything on paper, you may get a clearer idea of which points are essential
to include in your paragraph, and which points are superfluous.
c. Figure out how you want to structure
your paragraph. Now that all of your thoughts, ideas, facts and figures are
laid out clearly in front of you, you can start to think about how you want to
structure your paragraph. Consider each of the points you wish to address and
try to arrange them in a logical order - this will make your paragraph more
coherent and easier to read. This
new order may be chronological, may put the most important
information first, or may just make the paragraph easier and more interesting
to read - it all depends on the topic and style of the paragraph you wish to write.
2.
Writing Your Paragraph
a.
Write
a topic sentence. The first sentence of your paragraph needs to be the topic
sentence. A topic sentence is an introductory line that addresses what the main
idea or thesis of the paragraph is going to be. It should contain the most
important and relevant point you wish to make regarding your topic, thus
summarizing the paragraph as a whole.
b. Fill in the supporting details. Once you
have written and are happy with your topic sentence, you can start to fill in
the rest of your paragraph. This is where the detailed, well-structured notes
you wrote earlier will come in handy. Make sure that your paragraph is
coherent, which means that it is easy to read and understand, that each
sentence connects with the next and that everything flows nicely as a whole. To
achieve this, try to write clear, simple sentences that express exactly what
you want to say.
c. Write a concluding sentence. The
concluding sentence of your paragraph should tie everything together. A good
concluding sentence will reinforce the idea outlined in your topic sentence,
but now it has all the weight of the evidence or arguments contained in your
supporting sentences behind it. After reading the concluding sentence, the
reader should have no doubt as to the accuracy or relevance of the paragraph as
a whole.
3.
Reviewing Your Paragraph
a.
Check
your paragraph for spelling and grammar. Once you have finished writing, it is
essential that you re-read your paragraph two or three times to check it for
misspelled words and poor grammar. Spelling mistakes and bad grammar can
significantly impact the perceived quality of your paragraph, even if the ideas
and arguments it contains are of a high quality. It is very easy to overlook
small mistakes when writing, so don't skip this step, even if you're in a rush. Ensure that each
sentence has a subject and that all proper nouns are capitalized. Also make
sure that all of the subjects and verbs agree with each other and that you use
the same tense across the entire paragraph. Use a dictionary to
double-check the spelling of words that you are unsure about, don't just assume
that they are correct.
Check your paragraph for the proper use
of punctuation, making sure that you use marks such as commas, colons,
semicolons and ellipses in the correct context.
b.
Check
your paragraph for coherency and style. Not only should the technical aspects
of your writing be spot on, but you should also try to achieve clarity in your
writing, as well as stylistic flow. You can do this by varying the length and
format of your sentences and by using transitional words and a varied
vocabulary.
c. Decide if your paragraph is complete.
Once you have re-read the paragraph and fixed any grammatical or stylistic
errors, you should have one more glance over it to determine whether it is
complete. Try to look at the paragraph objectively and decide whether it
sufficiently supports and develops your topic sentence, or whether it needs a
few more details or additional evidence to back up your claims.
If
you feel that the main claim of your topic sentence is sufficiently supported
and well-developed by the contents of the rest of your paragraph, then your
paragraph is probably complete. However, if any important aspect of the topic
remains unexplored or unexplained or if the paragraph is shorter than three
sentences, it probably needs a little more work.
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